About
Esophageal cancer occurs when cancerous cells begin to grow in the tube that connects your mouth to the stomach, responsible for transporting food.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the cancer stage and the exact location. Common symptoms include:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Unintended and sudden weight loss
- Pain, pressure, and burning sensation in the chest
- Heartburn
- Worsening digestion
- Hoarseness
- Persistent coughing
Causes
There are no proper studies for the exact cause of this condition begins when healthy cells in the esophagus divide and multiply abnormally at an unusual speed. This change in the rate of cell division is a result of a mutation in the cell that further results in the formation of a tumor. Common risk factors for the development of esophageal cancer include:
- History of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Smoking
- Barrett’s esophagus (precancerous changes)
- Obesity
- Heavy drinking
- History of bile reflux
- Drinking very hot liquids consistently
- Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables
Diagnosis
Doctors may order tests based on your risk and symptoms:
- Barium swallow study
- Endoscopy
- Biopsy
Additional tests after diagnosis may include:
- Bronchoscopy
- Endoscopic ultrasound
- CT scan
Treatment
Esophageal cancer treatment is decided based on the type and stage of cancer. There are several different modules available for effective treatment. Common alternatives include:
Surgery – Different types of surgeries are advised to remove tumors from the esophagus. Based on the location and size of the tumor, your doctor will perform one of the following surgical procedures:
- Surgery to remove small tumors
- Surgery to remove a portion of the esophagus
- Surgery to remove part of the esophagus and upper portion of the stomach – Known as esophagogastrectomy
- Chemotherapy – Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment in which certain drugs and medications are administered to help destroy cancer cells and stop them from spreading. This treatment is usually given before or after surgery for maximum benefits.
