About
Colorectal cancer starts in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. Anal cancer starts in the anus, which is the opening at the end of the rectum through which stool leaves the body.
Symptoms
The symptoms of cancer can vary depending on the stage. Common symptoms include:
- Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
- Changes in Bowel Habits
- Bleeding in the stool
- Cramps or pain in the abdomen
- Weakness and Fatigue
- Unintended Weight Loss
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Symptoms of Anal Cancer
- Anal Bleeding
- Anal Pain
- Anal Discharge
- Anal Itching
- Lump or Mass
Causes
The risk factors of colorectal and anal cancer may include one or more of these causes:
- Family History and Genetics
- Polyps
- Lifestyle Factors
- A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fiber
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
- Receptive anal intercourse can increase the risk of HPV infection and subsequently anal cancer
- Weakened Immune System
Diagnosis
- Screening tests: Colonoscopy
- Imaging tests: CT scans and MRI scans
- Biopsy
- Staging
Treatment
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
