About
Mediastinal tumors originate in the mediastinum, the central chest cavity between the lungs. They can affect breathing and other vital functions depending on their size and location. Common types include thymoma, lymphoma, and germ cell tumors.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary based on the type and location of the tumor within the mediastinum. Common symptoms include:
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Coughing
- Swelling of the face or neck
- Difficulty swallowing
- Hoarseness or voice changes
Causes
Mediastinal tumors can develop due to various factors, including:
- Genetic predisposition
- Previous radiation therapy
- Infections
- Immune system disorders
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a combination of imaging tests, laboratory tests, and biopsy procedures:
- Imaging: Chest X-ray, CT Scan, PET Scan, and MRI to visualize and locate tumors
- Laboratory Tests: Blood tests to assess overall health and detect tumor markers
- Biopsy Procedures: Bronchoscopy, Needle Biopsy, Mediastinoscopy, and Thoracoscopy to obtain tissue samples for analysis
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s overall health:
- Surgery: Removal of the tumor, which may involve complex procedures depending on its size and proximity to vital structures
- Radiation Therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted Therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Palliative Care
- Clinical Trials
