Mediastinal and Lung Cancer

About

This type of Cancer originates in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe and exchange oxygen. It is generally of two types, namely, Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

• Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): The most common type, typically grows and spreads more slowly
• Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): Less common but tends to grow and spread quickly, often linked to smoking

Symptoms

The symptoms of lung cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent Cough
• Chest Pain
• Shortness of Breath
• Coughing up Blood
• Hoarseness
• Unintended Weight Loss
• Fatigue
• Recurrent Infections

These symptoms can be subtle and are often mistaken for other respiratory conditions, leading to delayed diagnosis.

Causes

Lung cancer develops when cells in the lungs mutate and grow uncontrollably
Several factors are strongly linked to lung cancer:

• Smoking
• Radon gas
• Asbestos
• Air pollution
• Family history
• Previous radiation therapy
• Occupational exposure to carcinogens

Diagnosis

The lung cancer diagnosis involves a combination of imaging tests, laboratory tests, and biopsy procedures. The common procedures include:

• Chest X-ray
• CT Scan
• PET Scan
• MRI
• Blood Tests

These tests detect lung cancer and determine the stage of the disease. If we find abnormalities in the tests, the next step may be an endoscopic or biopsy procedure. They help check for abnormalities like tumors, ulcers, obstructions, and inflammation.
Biopsy Procedures include:

• Bronchoscopy
• Needle Biopsy
• Mediastinoscopy
• Thoracoscopy

Treatment

Treatment for lung cancer depends on the type and stage of the cancer. There are several different modalities available for effective treatment:

• Surgery: Different types of surgeries can be performed to remove tumours from the lungs:
  • Wedge resection
  • Segmental resection
  • Lobectomy
  • Pneumonectomy
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Each treatment option for lung cancer is chosen based on the individual patient’s condition and is often used in combination for the best possible outcome.

Our Mediastinal and Lung Cancer Specialists

Dr. Sheshank Mahajan

Consultant: Surgical Oncology

MBBS, MS, Mch-Surgical Oncology

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